Archive for the ‘CENTRIFUGE’ category

Benchtop High Speed Centrifuge 16000 RPM and 120 ml Capacity

November 27th, 2014

Acmas Technologies Benchtop High Speed Centrifuge 16000 RPM and 120 ml Capacity used formultiple applications in hospital & clinical labs, University & Institutional labs as well as various Research and Industrial Laboratories. Due to our latest and helpful features, strong built and high quality performance we have become the pioneers in bench top high speed centrifuge on a worldwide basis.

These Centrifuge Machines are manufactured with the use of latest technology. Our Centrifuge Machines are low on maintenance. These units are tested stringently for quality before getting supplied to the clients to ensure that they get nothing but the best. All these centrifuges feature a wealth of security features to ensure the safety of the user and the material inside.

Features

Digital speed meter pre-set digital (with load) timer,
Real-time display during processing
Designed and manufactured with most advanced technology in the world
True sample temperature control and display
Stepless speed regulator
Safety Lid interlock to prevent cover opening during centrifugationimbalance safety device,
zero start inter lock
Low noise level;
Wide choice of accessory rotors.
Equipped with an imbalance detection system that automatically shuts down operation in the event of a significant imbalance.
Modular, stainless steel construction
Double walled chambers with PUF insulation
Fully insulated, double walled, full front opening door
Mounted on adjustable castor wheels with locking arrangement
Ethernet and USB interface
LED display for set & process value
Easy to use control system with color-touch panel
GMP & GLP compliant
CE certified
European standards certified

Areas of application

tissue culture applications
enzyme reaction studies
growth observation studies
fermentation analysis
Serum analysis and precipitate separation etc.
Various other general and specialized applications in laboratories

Find here Centrifuge Manufacturers and Laboratory Centrifuge Suppliers. For more information please visit: General Purpose Lab Centrifuge

Technical Parameter

Max. speed	16000r/min
No 1 angle rotor	12×1.5ml (16000r/min RCF:17800xg)
No 2 angle rotor	10x5ml (13000r/min RCF:11400xg)
No 3 angle rotor	24×1.5/2.2ml (12000r/min RCF:14800xg)
No 4 angle rotor	12×10/5ml (13000r/min RCF:15100xg)
No 5 angle rotor	48×0.5ml (13000r/min RCF:12810xg)
Max RCF	17800xg
Time range	0~99min
Motor	DC brushless motor, Microprocessor control
Power supply	AC220V 50Hz 5A
Noise	<65dB(A)
Dimension	390x330x300mm(LxWxH)
Weight	25kg

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Major Equipments Involved in Microbiology

May 7th, 2014

Microbiology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of biochemical, physiological and genetic aspects of microorganism and how these creatures/microorganisms interact with each other. Microbiology is a vast area it includes bacteriology, environmental microbiology, food microbiology, microbial ecology and many more. This branch of biology involves;

Working in or creating aseptic conditions
Observations, identification and classification of microorganism
Detection of harmful microorganisms by performing tests on water, food and the environment
Studying human diseases caused by microorganism
Isolation and culturing of specific microorganisms under controlled conditions.
Isolating, analyzing and genetically manipulating nucleic acids, proteins and other substances produced by microorganisms
Isolating and genetically modifying microorganisms involved in breaking down pollutants
Developing genetically modified microbes for use in the production of genetically engineered biological products (proteins) or for gene transfer.

Microbiology helps scientists and physicians in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of infection in animals and humans by investigating

How organisms cause disease and their role in disease processes
Factors contributing to the occurrence of diseases in a population
How epidemics can be controlled

A variety of specialized equipments are used in the microbiology, major equipments involved are:

Incubator shaker; the most common application of an Incubator Shaker in the Microbiology is for the growth of bacterial culture and other applications requiring both high temperatures and oscillation frequency.

An incubator Shaker uses an orbital agitation at variable speeds to affect the growth of cell cultures in addition to stable temperature conditions. Agitation speed and orbit affect both the aeration and the mixing of the cultures. Rate of cell growth increases with the increase in Oxygen transfer rate that depends on the aeration, in the other words the greater the aeration, greater is the Oxygen transfer rate and hence the rate of cell growth.

Autoclaves; An autoclave is a device that uses steam to sterilize equipment and other objects by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121 °C and 15 pounds of pressure per square inch depending for around 15–20 minutes on the size of the load and the contents.. This means that all bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores are destroyed. Autoclaves work by allowing steam to enter and maintaining extremely high pressure for at least 15 minutes. Because damp heat is used, heat-labile products (such as some plastics) cannot be sterilized or they will melt.

Autoclave is commonly used for Moist Heat Sterilization. Moist heat is thought to kill microorganisms by causing denaturation or the coagulation of essential proteins. Autoclaving 121ºC/15 psi for 15 minutes exceeds the thermal death time for most organisms except some extraordinary spore formers .The time required to kill a known population of microorganisms in a specific suspension at a particular temperature is referred to as thermal death time (TDT). Temperature is inversely proportional to TDT. Processes conducted under high temperatures for short periods of time are preferred over lower temperatures for longer times.
Lamina Air flow; Laminar Air Flow is an enclosed bench designed to prevent contaminations like biological particles (SPM) or any particle sensitive device. This closed cabinet is usually made up of stainless steel without any gap or joints where spores might collect.

Air is drawn through a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters and blown in a very smooth flow or streamline flow (when a fluid flows in a parallel layer with no disruption between the layers). There are two types of laminar air flow

Vertical
Horizontal

(Both types of hoods have continuous displacement of air that passes through a HEPA (high efficiency particle) filter that removes particulates from the air. In a vertical hood, the filtered air blows down from the top of the cabinet; in a horizontal hood, the filtered air blows out at the operator in a horizontal fashion.)

Centrifuge; A centrifuge uses centrifugal force to isolate suspended particles from their surrounding medium on either a batch or a continuous-flow basis. A centrifuge utilizes density difference between the particles/macromolecules and the medium in which these are dispersed and Dispersed systems are subjected to artificially induced gravitational fields.

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CENTRIFUGE

April 22nd, 2014

Centrifugation is a technique of separation of mixtures e.g. subcellular organelles that involves the centrifugal force using a CENTRIFUGE(A centrifuge uses centrifugal force to isolate suspended particles from their surrounding medium on either a batch or a continuous-flow basis).

A centrifuge is used to separate particles or macromolecules:

Cells
Sub-cellular components
Proteins
Nucleic acids

Basis of separation for a centrifuge are:

Size
Shape
Density

A centrifuge utilizes density difference between the particles/macromolecules and the medium in which these are dispersed and Dispersed systems are subjected to artificially induced gravitational fields.

TYPES OF CENTRIFUGATION

Centrifugation

Preparative Analytical

Differential Density-gradient

Rate zonal Isopycni

Preparative Centrifugation; it is used to separate organelles and molecules and it can handle larger liquid volumes. It does not required any optical read-out.

Separation methods used in preparative ultracentrifugation are:

Differential Centrifugation; In this, separation is based on the size of the particles. This is commonly used in simple pelleting and in obtaining partially-pure preparation of subcellular organelles and macromolecules. For the subcellular organelles, tissue or cells are first disrupted to release their internal contents. This crude disrupted cell mixture is called as a homogenate. During centrifugation of a cell homogenate, larger particles sediment faster than smaller ones and this provides the basis for obtaining crude organelle fractions by differential centrifugation. When a cell homogenate is centrifuged at 1000 x g for 10 minutes, unbroken cells and heavy nuclei pellet to the bottom of the tube.
The supernatant can be further centrifuged at 10,000 x g for 20 minutes to pellet subcellular organelles of intermediate velocities such as mitochondria, lysosomes, and microbodies. Some of these sedimenting organelles can obtained in partial purity and are typically contaminated with other particles. Repeated washing of the pellets by resuspending in isotonic solvents and re-pelleting may result in removal of contaminants that are smaller in size (Figure 1). Obtaining partially-purified organelles by differential centrifugation serves as the preliminary step for further purification using other types of centrifugal separation (density gradient separation).

Density gradient centrifugation; this method is preferred to purify subcellular organelles and macromolecules. Density gradients can be generated by placing layer after layer of gradient media such as sucrose in a tube with the heaviest layer at the bottom and the lightest at the top in either a discontinuous or continuous mode. The cell fraction to be separated is placed on top of the layer and centrifuged. Density gradient separation can be classified into two categories.

Rate-zonal (size) separation.
Isopycnic (density) separation.

Rate zonal (size) separation; also known as sucrose density gradient centrifugation,it uses particle size and mass instead of particle density for sedimentation. Figure 2 illustrates a rate-zonal separation process and the criteria for successful rate-zonal separation. Certain types of rotors are more applicable for this type of separation than others. Examples of common applications include

separation of cellular organelles such as endosomes or
separation of proteins, such as antibodies.

For instance, Antibody classes all have very similar densities, but different masses. Thus, separation based on mass will separate the different classes, whereas separation based on density will not be able to resolve these antibody classes.

Isopycnic separation; also known as caesium chloride density gradient centrigugation,in this type of separation, a particle of a particular density will sink during centrifugation until a position is reached where the density of the surrounding solution is exactly the same as the density of the particle. Once this quasi-equilibrium is reached, the length of centrifugation does not have any influence on the migration of the particle. A common example for this method is separation of nucleic acids in a CsCl gradient. Figure 3 illustrates the isopycnic separation and criteria for successful separation